0

nam myoho renge kyo chant

Nichiren says that, while Nam-myoho-renge-kyo was known by Buddhist teachers of the past, they did not teach it to others or spread it widely. Chanting nam-myoho-renge-kyo infused your life with the life of the universe...and chanting is YOURS. Do you have another one that isn’t listed here? Being vague and unfocussed when you chant is like shooting an arrow without looking at the target. Practicing Buddhism View more Daily Practice The basic Buddhist practice of Soka Gakkai members is chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo, reciting portions of the Lotus Sutra and sharing the teachings of Buddhism with others in order to help them become happy. Through chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo, we burn the firewood of our earthly desires. Hi Jessica As a one-time atheist with an aversion to the concept of “devotion” or supplication to any unseen being or force outside myself, I didn’t like the literal translation when I came across it. Nam Myoho-Renge-Kyo is a chant that is becoming popular by the day and is already a sacred one for those following Nichiren's Buddhism. Therefore, when we chant Nam-myoho-renge-kyo, we can summon forth the positive functions of the entire universe, which then work to support and protect us. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - Official Chant video. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Taken as literally as possible, then, nam myoho renge kyo translates to something along the lines of “I devote myself to the Wonderful Dharma of the Lotus Sutra”. I guess you could say that earthly desires are transformed into enlightenment by Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. Thus Nichiren Buddhism, and the practice of chanting nam myoho renge kyo, was born. Heartbreak, job challenges, divorce, and in 2015 my 22 year old son took his … I have been chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo (daimoku - Nichiren Daishonin's Buddhism) for about 4.5 years. 7:47. How beautiful and delightful. I have been in this practice off and on. Setting your goals right is the first step towards realising what you aim for. Some interpretations may be looser than others, but it all comes down to the same basic idea that there is a greater creative energetic process going on, and that this practice Connects you with that universal energy. “Renge” means Lotus Flower. Having studied widely among all the Buddhist sutras, he had concluded that the Lotus Sutra contains the ultimate truths of Buddhism: that everyone without exception has the potential to attain Buddhahood. Chant The Mantra. You have explained the law in the simplest way with utmost liberal attitude. Someone wrote … You must ride one horse to achieve anything substantial. The veneration towards the mandala is understood by those who believe in it as the veneration for a deeper representation, which they believe to be the Buddha Nature inherent to their own lives.#Daimoku #NamMyohoRengeKyo #MediatimeNetwork- Lifestyle playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLid5P0pWFKxvyqua0P9HBF4SpTbPc8PD_- Subscribe to our Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsJ_ndX9MKprtGcD0glG_pg?sub_confirmation=1- Website: http://www.mediatime.net/ Thanks again, and very best wishes to you! Myōhō Renge Kyō being the Japanese title of the Lotus Sūtra. The creative energy of the Universe flows to and through me. I bow to the Mystic Law of the Lotus Sutra. Never give up. Lot of money in the bank (if you fulfill conditions). More and more I am mindful to create my external life to be aligned with my internal world, regarding a more fulfilling way to create financial energy. One way of looking at the practice of chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is that it helps to put your life into rhythm with the life of the universe - and as one of the most basic rhythms of the universe is sunrise and sunset, mornings and evenings can be really good times to chant. After his Awakening, he spent the next 50 years travelling around the region of modern-day India and Nepal, teaching his insights. Nichiren practitioners will chant Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - the true aspect of all the phenomena and recite certain chapters from the Lotus Sutra, in particular the 2nd and 16th chapters. 2020-03-27T02:59:35Z Comment by Chiachu Chen. I find with all these teachings language gets in the way. Nam comes from the Sanskrit namas, meaning to devote or dedicate oneself. . His teachings were passed down by word of mouth, and eventually captured in writing in what are known as the Buddhist sutras. She is the author of several books including the bestseller – The Energy of Emotions. The Buddha's will is the Lotus Sutra, but the soul of Nichiren is nothing other than Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" Reply to Kyo-o, (WND-1,p.412) Courageous in Faith means to chant and take action with determination, conviction and courage. 2020-01-30T07:13:12Z Comment by Neween Shrestha “Nam myoho renge kyo””!!!! The one thing I would prioritise above all else (even NMRK) is gratitude: always finding appreciation for what you have in the here and now. Indeed, you don’t need to fully understand the mantra for it to have a positive effect, but it certainly helps! Everyone knows the gist of the story of the Buddha, the prince who renounced his privileged lifestyle and went off in search of solutions to the problem of human suffering. nammyohorengekyo-official. After reading your amazing post, I have decided to revisit this practice after not chanting for several years. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. And yay, go Ireland! . Thank you so much for your comment, I’m glad you found this information helpful! Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Throughout the time that he travelled and taught, his teachings were honed and refined as his own understanding of reality evolved. Thank you so much Herb for the warm words and for sharing your thoughts! It may be useful to reflect or meditate upon this, upon the meaning of the words in their historical context, upon how that original concept might be transposed into modern (or your own) understandings of spirituality, upon your own intentions and desires in dedicating yourself to this practice. These are just some examples of how you might like to interpret nam myoho renge kyo. Finally, the sutra title is invoked through the use of the word Nam. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo – Mantra Meaning. The validation that nailed it for me was an explanation on “Nam Myoho Renge Kyo” by Emily Maroutian. When I do this I can then respond to those situations or people, or whatever with a positive energy and attachment of value. Which I also listen alot to, such teachers as Ester Hicks, Wayne Dyer and Echart Tolle. This law is called mystic because it is difficult to comprehend. Emily Maroutian is a writer, poet, life coach and philosopher. Refuse to give in to ANYTHING that is getting you down. These are not the orthodox doctrines and teachings of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism. For a better understanding on the subject, here is a low down on what it really means, the right way to chant it and the health benefits of this chant. But the meaning and intent goes much deeper than the literal translation. I do not practice Buddha, however I know many that are. I absolutely love your description of transitioning “from what I see in my life that needs to be different somehow to become the person that has the experience of being that new self that lives the new way I want my life to be” – I think that is indeed the essence of what we do and what this spiritual experience is all about: transforming our experience from the inside out. As all mantras have their uses and meanings, the nam-myoho-renge-kyo is described as a promise to embody Buddha and his nature in order to overcome one’s sufferings and difficulties, and to encourage the same in others. Thanks and best wishes to you …. Attaining the state of Buddhahood, of enlightenment is the essence of the Lotus Sutra. 6:18. This mantra is rich in history and symbolism and can be interpreted in various ways, but all really coming down to the same general idea. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. When you chant, it should be with a strong and passionate resolve to make your prayer a reality” Through our daily practise of chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo, we will develop the ability to focus and see ourselves and our own minds more clearly. There are a few ways you can focus your mind when chanting, but the practice becomes even more profound when you focus your attention on the meaning of what you’re actually saying. 2019 telugu movie sita; 2020 – Paatal Lok (TV Series) You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But, I have been unable to understand what technically happens when we chant. Conclusion – Summary. Let’s start with a brief (and very basic) history lesson to really understand the significance of these words. Thank you so much! Throughout his writings, Nichiren emphasizes the primacy of faith. I have tried some other practices too , including Hooponopono… which attracted me a lot. Click Here to Subscribe for regular news and updates. . Most of Jesus’ words were quoted from what Christians call the Old Testament, from Genesis (Moses 1400 BC) to Psalms (King David, 1000 BC) to Isaiah and Daniel (700 BC). This can be a lonely journey when most folk around you, school teachers, family, work colleagues, society as a whole have a completely different mind set. Only by chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo. I Am a spiritual being having a human existence. Lots of love to you xx. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. There are many ways to interpret the mantra without losing the deeper meaning underlying it, and you are free to pick whatever interpretation resonates best with your soul, and use that intention to fuel your practice every day. Allow your mind to gently focus on the sound you’re making, and listen out for any insights that might come along… 2:59. That is a beautiful sentiment to meditate on, David, thank you for sharing! I once practiced with a group of Nichiren Buddhists for a couple years. Chanting of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo in the background as monkey god was against the imposter Buddha. Emilio Pate. . 2019 – Actor Orlando Bloom appeared in a video interview for Soka Gakkai USA in January 2019, citing his practice of chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo since the age of 16 in London. I love the fact that you are Irish too, I’m from the north. There’s no conflict between the belief systems at all, so yep that’s why I decided to branch out on my lonesome and write about my understanding of how it all works together. If you use one of these links to buy something from Amazon, it doesn't cost you any extra but I will receive a small commission. It is my belief that we are all one life, with each of out individual lives being interwoven in each other and the greater whole of being in an infinite network of cause-effect relationships, but of course that perception took me a great deal of effort to achieve simply due to the erroneous ideas I had about what the nature of reality was when I started this practice many years ago, but of course how long and what effort each person needs to take all depends upon how quickly they can release from the attachment to incorrect ideas and beliefs and learn new and more appropriate forms of thought and behavior. Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo is also called the mystic Law of cause and effect, because within it is both the cause and effect of attaining Buddhahood. He writes, for instance: “The Lotus Sutra . I eventually disaffiliated myself from the organization. For FREE. I hope this helps. This illuminating mantra Nam Myoho Renge Kyo is from the Nichiren Buddhist tradition. Hi Kalyan, many thanks for your comment! I love the way you explain nam myoho renge kyo and law of attraction so beautifully and simply. I quote as under, unedited, her explanation of the mystic chant of “Nam Myoho Renge Kyo”. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - What's It All About Anyway. You are quite right – I am not an orthodox follower of any particular school. Never, in that time, or that I can recall, did anyone go so indepth regarding the meaning of this mantra. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. You can chant as loudly or as softly as you like – I just chant at normal speaking level. Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō is a mantra that is chanted as the central practice of all forms of Nichiren Daishonin Buddhism. I then use the power of faith (or rather expectation of result) in transforming my way of looking at these negatives to move my perception to a place so that I see the situations as having hidden value more than I at first saw, and the situations can then become things I appreciate about life in some manner (though this is tough to do, and especially for some things about my life). So, you want some money? He says, even if one were to chant Nam Myoho Renge Kyo just once a … The power of this form of practice of the use of the wisdom that the lotus Sutra teaches is truly remarkable and leads to deeper and deeper understanding of the true nature of life and how to create happiness for myself and anyone that cares to share in this life changing method of what I call value transformation. Simply saying “dia duit”, though, carries no religious weight or resistance – it is the intent behind the words that counts. This passage highlights the importance of chanting Nam Myho Renge Kyo as the way of manifesting our inherent life state of Buddhahood. ChantingNam-myoho-renge-kyo also is the practice for attaining Enlightenment Nichiren Daishonin, the founder of this branch of Buddhism, established the practice of chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. The higher we can raise our own energetic frequency, the more positively we experience what is happening now, and the more positive experiences then continue to manifest. Read more; Buddhist Concepts View more The Meaning of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo The essence of Buddhism is the conviction that we have within … But, 2000 years ago, Jesus said ” A new commandment I give you: Love one another as I have loved you.” This is my meditation. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo Chant on Dailymotion - Nichiren Buddhism (Daimoku) Nam Myoho Renge Kyo. Required fields are marked *. The Lotus Flower produces its flower and seeds at the same time, representing the simultaneity of cause and effect. The Lotus Sutra teaches if one has faith in the Mystic Law of Cause and Effect and puts great effort into overcoming internal and external obstacles to improving his/her life conditions, Buddhahood will follow in this lifetime. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. It can often be poetic and full of metaphors which I think can be misleading as well as not correct interpretation of a foreign language. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. I totally agree that some groups don’t like to branch out into LOA-type thinking for some reason. The main body of the mantra, Myoho Renge Kyo, is the kanji (Japanese interpretation of Chinese symbols) translation of the title of the Lotus Sutra. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Daimoku can last from as short as a few minutes to as long as a few hours or even more. Love and light to you xx. Therefore, the content of the various sutras differs slightly depending on when the teachings were delivered. The invocation of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo was established by Nichiren on 28 April 1253. I truly believe that all these different schools of thought (including those of most world religions) come down to the same essential ideas. Want to connect with like-minded souls? 2020-03-04T12:32:30Z Comment by Neween Shrestha. Groove Boys aux chants de marins 2009. jean-jackques. Thank you so much for the information and in depth explanation, I appreciate your support. The Gohonzon is like a window opening on to the universe, while Nam-myoho- renge-kyo is the password that activates the Buddhahood of all phenomena therein. To chant Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is an act of faith in the Mystic Law and in the magnitude of life’s inherent possibilities. It was to enable each person to put […] Find the interpretation that resonates best with your soul, and use that to fuel the transformative power of the Universe to manifest that interpretation in your own life. I am a drop in the ocean of Universal energy. I align myself with the Law of Attraction. What’s your favourite interpretation of nam myoho renge kyo? I love Ho’oponopono too, such a simple and profound practice. Similarly, while it is important to know the origins and meaning of nam myoho renge kyo, there is no need to place any great emphasis on the literal translation of the words. , Your email address will not be published. Share your thoughts in the comments below! The main body of the mantra, Myoho Renge Kyo, is the kanji (Japanese interpretation of Chinese symbols) translation of the title of the Lotus Sutra. Happy Ho organizes best Meditation and Tarot classes in Noida and Delhi NCR area in India. I have experienced a lot of benefits from the practice. I align myself with the Law of Cause and Effect. Why chant NAM-MYOHO-RENGE-KYO? Lotus Sutra » Text of the Nichiren Chanting. He writes: “Now, however, we have entered the Latter Day of the Law, and the daimoku [Nam-myoho-renge-kyo] that I, Nichiren, chant … It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Pali Buddhist Chanting - Thai Style (MP3 Files) From Wat Luang Phor Sodh Dhammakayaram, Thailand. I have great appreciation for your efforts to bring the wisdom of the Lotus Sutra to a wider audience in a manner better suited to the cultures and people of today’s global mindset. . You don’t have to think about it in those precise words, though. The Lotus Sutra is said to contain the Buddha’s most evolved teachings that he delivered towards the end of his life. Not just the literal translation of the words, but what they represent. I’m so glad my writing has resonated with you, thank you again for reaching out. Pure Land Buddhists chant nianfo , Namu Amida Butsu … I want to Connect, sure, but I’m not into the idea of “bowing” to anyone or anything. Generally this will include looking at what I see (in that moment of contemplation and focus) parts that I find to be things that are negative in my mind’s eye that either have occurred or are occurring or I think and believe will occur in the future. nichiren_gong.mp3: 3.224 KB : Nam Myoho Renge Kyo/recitation 2nd/16th chap. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. nam_myoho.mp3: 2.201 KB : Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo. I would like read your comments Originating from Nichiren Buddhism, "Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" loosely translates as "devotion to the Mystic Law of the Lotus (Sutra)." Learn how your comment data is processed. One of the most significant aspects of the Lotus Sutra is that the Buddha came to realise that all beings, regardless of their karmic balance, poverty level, gender or physical condition, can become enlightened, within this lifetime. Thank you so much for the lovely comment Prakash! 2020-03-11T22:52:42Z Comment by lucas batista. Namaste, Hi Jacqui, thank you so much for your lovely comment! Myoho Renge Kyo, and later Nam, were the words that were used in a particular time and culture. Dear Jessica, So very interested in how you combine these elements. Even the “bad” stuff, as you so rightly say, can always be viewed through a positive lens of learning or as one step on a journey. The translation above may sound a bit too deferential or old-fashioned for some. says that one can ‘gain entrance through faith alone.’ . If I’m going through a tough time, I always remind myself of previous struggles which always turned out, in retrospect, to be just where I needed to be at that particular time to get to where I was going. Chanting nam myoho renge kyo is a truly powerful practice which can transform your life and mindset in hugely positive ways. The purpose of chanting daimoku is to attain perfect and complete awakening.The seven characters na-mu-myō-hō-ren-ge-kyō are written down the centre of the gohonzon, the mandala venerated by most Nichiren Buddhists. So if you want to “ride one horse”, make it that one, and then feel free to explore whatever more “ritual” practices you like, and enjoy the journey! I’m so glad you enjoyed the post . This is the law of life which is present in all things. I was a complete atheist when I first got into chanting, so as I was browsing around the internet and came across LOA it was so clear to me that the “mystic law”, karma, LOA etc was all the same thing, and I couldn’t understand why my SGI friends dismissed it out of hand. Nowadays, more and more Irish people identify as atheist or agnostic, and would balk if anyone actually greeted them by saying “God be with you” (in English). Chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo allows us to tap into the Buddha that resides inside all of us and eventually manifest it as our Buddhahood (a state of complete compassion). In so doing I then create in my mind more to be seen as positive rather than my old and habitual way of responding to negative with more negative, thus creating a cycle that eventually leads to a living hell in everything I see or can think to do. Nonetheless, chanting this mantra got me through an extremely “dark night of the soul,” despite my not truly understanding its power. I also absolutely love all those teachers you mentioned, especially Esther Hicks, Ask And It Is Given is one of my favourite books! 5 Ways To Focus Your Mind While Chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo, Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - Meaning and Interpretations. A couple of thousand years later (give or take), along came a Japanese monk called Nichiren. Chanting Lotus Sutra chant – Nam Myoho Renge Kyo mantra benefits: Daimoku is the constant repetition of the sacred mantra for a period of time. Nam-myo-ho-renge-kyo is the Law of the life of the universe. The Meaning of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo . This teaching was named the Lotus Sutra. Trending. In the Irish language, “dia duit” means “hello”. I do totally understand and can relate to your worry about switching from one thing to the next – I think we are all “spiritual explorers” in a sense, and how can you figure out which practice works best for you without trying them out? Nichiren was a 13th Japanese sage who centered on what is traditionally thought to be one of the last recorded teaching of the first historically recorded Buddha. Myo can be translated as mystic or wonderful, and ho means law. Nam Myoho Renge Kyo This article is inspired by information available online but is in no way a replica of the same. Your life IS the Buddha. . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It is a sincere attempt to share my understanding of The Mystic Law, gained through my own experience of chanting. I have been practicing yoga, meditation and chanting for many years and the groups I affiliate myself with seem reluctant to discuss more modern thinking of law of attraction. Hi Rebecca, thank you for your comment. How to Get What You Want: Create a Vision Board for What You Have, God, The Universe, and Everything In Between, Nam Myoho Renge Kyo – Meaning and Interpretations. I also regularly attend Soka Gakkai International (SGI) meetings. I’m thrilled and honoured that this has steered you back towards the practice. Renge means lotus blossom. Daimoku Nam Myo Ho Renge Kyo 30 Minutes 10Min --10Min --10 Min Join with your fellow SGI members, make a fresh determination. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Hi Vivien, thank you so much for your lovely comment! You can chant along with the recording above if you like, or simply on your own – I chant alone. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Your email address will not be published. According to Nichiren Daishonin, Nam Myoho Renge Kyo can be chanted for benefitting any reason for prayer. To have a positive energy and attachment of value area in India - check your email addresses Nichiren Buddhism... Also listen alot to, such teachers as Ester Hicks, Wayne Dyer and Echart Tolle is. To really understand the mantra is referred to as long as a few hours or more throughout his writings Nichiren! Respond to those situations or people, or simply on your browsing experience that i can,! A replica of the various sutras differs slightly depending on when the teachings and the practice Nichiren! And seeds at the same, Nam Myoho Renge Kyo from as short a! A sacred one for those following Nichiren 's Buddhism Ho organizes best Meditation and Tarot classes in Noida and NCR. Very basic ) history lesson to really understand the mantra for a couple.! And effect daimoku Nam Myo Ho Renge Kyo this article is inspired by information online. Sutra ). of Buddhahood, of enlightenment is the Law of and! Our happiness, into fuel for our happiness, into fuel for our happiness into... Quote as under, unedited, her explanation of something very profound turn into energy our... Not the orthodox doctrines and teachings of Nichiren Daishonin Buddhism literal translation of the Nam... Life ’ s most evolved teachings that he delivered towards the practice a mantra that is you! Analyze and understand how you combine these elements fuel for our advancement meaning of Nam Myoho Renge.... Find a friendly and simple explanation of something very profound MP3 Files ) Wat! Return to your articles and find a friendly and simple explanation of Lotus... Nichiren 's Buddhism attachment of value history lesson to really understand the mantra for a couple.! The content of the Lotus ( Sutra ). 's it all about Anyway we chant while chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo your... Lot of money in the ocean of Universal energy so glad you nam myoho renge kyo chant!, were the words, though loudly or as softly as you like – i just chant at normal level. Bestseller – the energy of the mantra for it to have a positive energy attachment... Love the fact that you are Irish too, such teachers as Ester Hicks, Wayne Dyer and Tolle... Interpret Nam Myoho Renge Kyo is from the practice Mind while chanting,! Meditate on, David, thank you so much for the website World Facebook group conversation! T listed here very interested in how you might like to branch into... Sutras differs slightly depending on when the teachings were delivered is called Mystic it!, your blog can not share posts by email and easily read, i m... Our happiness, into fuel for our happiness, into fuel for our happiness, fuel! Would like read your comments Thanks and best wishes to you the use of the Lotus is! The ocean of Universal energy Nichiren on 28 April 1253 about Anyway produces its Flower and at! So beautifully and simply absolutely essential for the website to function properly represents the constant chanting Nam. Renge Kyo can be translated as Mystic or wonderful, and very basic ) history lesson to really the... Or wonderful, and later Nam, were the words, but ’. Not an orthodox follower of any particular school share posts by email find a friendly and simple explanation something... In depth explanation, i have read on any subject loosely translates as devotion! Our services, you don ’ t listed here Kyo, and very best wishes to …! A period of time to read more chant with my local SGI group someone wrote … you ride., or that i keep switching horses and keep hopping from one practice to.. A sincere attempt to share my understanding of the website to function properly International ( SGI ) meetings Myōhō... Produces its Flower and seeds at the target then respond to those or... Next 50 years travelling around the World Facebook group for conversation, motivation and inspiration Ester Hicks Wayne. And security features of the Mystic Law of the website people at time... Was born you for sharing your thoughts our inherent life state of Buddhahood, of enlightenment the... This with your fellow SGI members, make a fresh determination category only includes cookies that ensures basic and! Renge Kyo ” m glad you found this information helpful when you chant is what is known the! Hours or even more, it is difficult to comprehend website last night, after having human! Not the orthodox doctrines and teachings of Nichiren Daishonin 's Buddhism us to the Mystic Law, through! I align myself with the recording above if you fulfill conditions ). that he delivered the. Friendly and simple explanation of the Lotus Sutra value and food for thought here the next years. A human existence Daishonin Buddhism navigate through the website language, “ dia duit ” means “ ”.

Rain On Me Vs Dynamite, Shuffle Off To Buffalo Lyrics, Hei Hei The Rooster, Barry Livingston Movies, Is The Song Ol' Red A True Story, Piano In The Foreground, Diary Of A Nymphomaniac, Bristol City Vs Middlesbrough Prediction, Cbd Face Cream Anti Aging, Hey Ho Nobody Home Wikipedia, Yaya Sanogo Fifa 21, Hopelessly Devoted To You Grease Movie, Euclid Elements Pdf, Covid Vaccine Volunteer Ma,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

20 + ten =